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Can a product have both tamper evidence and authentication?
Yes, and for brands facing multiple threat types, both are appropriate. Tamper evidence addresses retail interference and regulatory compliance; authentication addresses manufactured counterfeiting and diversion. They solve different problems and coexist on the same pack without interference.
Is a QR code product authentication?
A standard QR code is not authentication — it is a link to a URL. Anyone can generate a QR code linking to any page, including a fake verification page. A serialised QR code with a unique code per pack gets closer, but serial numbers can be copied from genuine packs onto fakes. Cryptographic authentication embedded in the pack — not printed on its surface as a scannable code — is what makes verification forgery-proof.
Does pharmaceutical serialisation provide product authentication?
Serialisation under FMD and DSCSA verifies the serial number is valid and was assigned to a product of that type. It does not verify the physical pack is genuine — only that the credential on it is legitimate. A valid serial number can be copied onto a falsified pack. Physical authentication is a separate layer that addresses this gap.
How does invisible authentication work?
A cryptographic signature is generated using a private key and embedded in the pack artwork during the print process — not as a separate component but as part of the image. A smartphone camera reads the embedded signature and a server verifies it against the expected value generated by the corresponding public key. If the signature is valid, the pack is genuine. If not — because the pack is a fake without access to the private key — the verification fails. There is nothing on the surface to copy because the signature is not visible.
What is the cost difference between tamper evidence and authentication?
Tamper evidence costs per unit — label material, adhesive, application. At high volumes, standard VOID labels are very cost-effective. Authentication using embedded invisible signatures costs at the artwork level — it is an artwork change that applies to an entire print run, not a per-unit addition. At FMCG scale, this makes cryptographic authentication cost-competitive with physical label additions while providing significantly greater security.